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E-bikes, pedelecs & S-pedelecs: Smart speedsters for the city

E-bike


Is sustainability important to you? Are you interested in modern technologies? Do you like to be outdoors and also like to master longer distances? Then an e-bike could be just the thing for you!

Because with an e-bike (or electric bike) or pedelec, you cycle relaxed through nature or in the city. Real classics of e-mobility. How fast you travel on your tours and whether you also have to pedal yourself depends on the type of e-bike. After all, there are different model types, which also differ in terms of minimum age for driving, compulsory helmets and insurance.

We have compiled the most important information about motorized bicycles for you. But first things first: First of all, we explain the difference between e-bikes and pedelecs

What is the difference between e-bike, pedelec & S-pedelec?

E-bikes and pedelecs are the modernalternativeto the classic bicycle. The terms "pedelec" and "e-bike" are not precisely regulated by law. An "e-bike" is usually a single-track vehicle that has an electricmotor. In particular, it refers to an electric bicycleequipped with an auxiliary electric motor. In some cases, the term is also understood to mean pedelecs or speed pedelecs. The classification of e-bikes depends on the type and maximum speed of the motor installed.

The pedelec

When cycling on a pedelec (pedal electric cycle), you have to be active yourself. There is also an electric motor here, but it only works in a supporting way to make it easier for you to pedal. The motor support takes effect up to a speed of 25 km/h.You do not need your own insurance license plate for a pedelec. Accidental damage is usually covered by private liability insurance. However, it is worthwhile to clarify the scope of insurance in advance, just in case. Especially in the case of accidents with personal injury, high costs can easily arise.

The S-pedelec

Not fast enough? An S-pedelec (Speed Pedal Electric Cycle) even supports up to a speed of 45 km/h. Without you having to pedal yourself, it still reaches 20 km/h. Takenseriously, this is not a bicycle, but a moped. Accordingly, the minimum age for using S-pedelecs is 1.5 years.

The e-bike

An e-bike is fully electrically powered without you having to do much for it. It also rides without you pedaling. Because you can travel at speeds of between 20 and 45 km/h, depending on the model , an e-bike is subject to registration. To ride e-bikes, you need an AM driver's license and must meet the minimum age of 15 years to be allowed to use a model that can reach speeds of up to 25 km/h. For up to 45 km/h, the minimum age of 16 years applies.

How are electric bicycles constructed?

All types of e-bikes have a similar structure: The power comes from a battery that is installed in the frame and behind the luggage rack. This battery stores the energy needed for the drive. In most cases, the electric motor is located in the middle of the wheel, for a low center of gravity. It also supports you at a low cadence, which pays off especially uphill. While driving, sensors constantly measure how fast you are traveling and how hard you pedal. This data is usually shown on a display on the handlebars. There you can also adjust the level of pedal assistance.

Note: In the following, we use the term "e-bike" to refer to all types of e-bikes

Man puts battery in his e-two-wheeler.

The battery of e-bikes is usually installed in the frame or in the luggage rack.

Ab when can you drive an E-Bike?

Ab when you are allowed to ride an e-bike and whether you need a helmet, a driver's license and insurance cannot be answered in a general way, but depends on the type of e-bike.

Pedelec
(up to 25 km/h, with pedal assistance)
S-pedelec
(up to 45 km/h, with pedal assistance)
E-bike
(up to 25 km/h, purely electrically operated)
E-bike
(up to 45 km/h, purely electrically operated
))
Age limit from 15 years (depending on the federal state) from 15 years From 16 years
Helmet requirement A helmet is recommended from 20 km/h;
From 25 km/h onwards, helmets are compulsory.
Driving licence requirement No Yes, min. class AM Yes, min. class AM Yes, min. class AM
Compulsory insurance No Yes, motor vehicle liability Yes, motor vehicle liability Yes, motor vehicle liability
License plate requirement No Yes Yes Yes
Driving on cycle path allowed? Yes, because it is considered a bicycle No Only outside built-up areas or with "Mopeds free" sign No

E-bike weight: How heavy are the e-bikes?

When buying an e-bike, also pay attention to its weight. Because it has an impact on how easily you can transport and operate it. For example, if you have to carry your e-bike to the bike cellar or often ride without pedal assistance. Even if you want to take your bike with you on a bike rack on holiday, you should consider the weight of the e-bike.

As a rule, e-bikes weigh more than conventional bicycles. The weight depends on various factors, such as the size of the installed battery, the type of motor and the frame material. Classic models weigh around 20 to 25 kilograms but depending on the design, the weight varies. The electrical components weigh 5 to 10 kilograms of this. No wonder that handy and particularly light e-bikes are in demand. Tip: Find out whether the weight of the e-bike suits you during a test ride before buying.

E-bikes for men and women – what's the difference?

E-bikes for women and for men differ in some aspects. While the frame shape is basically the same, men's frames often have a high center bar and models for women have a lower step-through. E-bikes with a low step-through are recommended - regardless of gender - for joint problems, for example.

Woman crosses the zebra crossing with her e-two-wheeler.

E-bikes for women and men usually differ in their size and design.

Often the bikes also differ in their size and design. The frames and tires are usually larger on men's e-bikes. In addition, men's bikes are often designed for more weight and are therefore more stable. So if you want to transport loads such as shopping more often, a men's bike is a good option (regardless of gender).

Leisurely cruising in the city on a fat bike? Fast-paced tours on a road bike? Or off-road action on a mountain bike? Whether it's an e-bike for women or men - simply choose a bike that suits your riding style and get advice from a specialist shop. And don't forget to test drive!

Special models: E-bike as folding bike, tricycle or cargo bike

You can also buy electric bicycles as racing bikes, Dutch bikes or trekking bikes. E-bikes are particularly popular as folding bikes: they are easy to transport and store: for example, for longer trips by public transport or in the car. These models are also perfect for commuters. Thanks to the electric drive, you will arrive at work fresh even after driving uphill.

An e-bike as a tricycle is also an exciting means of transport. And not only for people with physical disabilities. Thanks to the additional wheel, a tricycle stands and rides stably at all times and prevents falls - and is an ideal companion for shopping with baskets.

An e-cargo bike that is specially designed for transporting bulky or heavy objects does even more. The electric motor makes it particularly easy to start off in traffic or on hills. And with these models, you can also take small children with you comfortably.

What insurance do you need for e-bikes?

Thanks to the electric drive, you can get your bike faster. But: With higher speed, the risk of accidents also increases! Uneven dirt roads or potholes can quickly become dangerous. And other road users often do not correctly estimate the speed of e-bikes either.

If you have an accident with a normal bicycleprivate liability insurance will take over the settlement of the claim. The insurance you need for your e-bike depends on the type of model.

For a moped or mopedyou need motor vehicle liability insurance. An e-bicycle belongs to this category if: 

  • it is operated without its own muscle power or
  • a speed of over 25 km/h is achieved

In concrete terms, this means that you need your own car insurance for e-bikes and S-pedelecs, while pedelecs are covered by your private liability insurance. If you also have partial or fully comprehensive insurance, this covers damage to your own e-bike – for example due to theft or vandalism.

Can I lease or rent e-bikes?

Do you only want to use an e-bike for a limited period of time and therefore don't want to buy a model for several thousand euros? Then leasing and renting are interesting options. With leasing, you usually get the e-bike for a longer period of time (often 36 months) and pay a monthly rate for its use. Depending on the tariff model, insurance and inspections may already be included in the costs. A provider comparison is worthwhile!

Once the contract has expired, you often have the option of purchasing the e-bike at its residual value. Or you can simply return it.

In addition, many (online) dealers offer the possibility of leasing a job bike, provided that your employer supports it.

If you want to rent an electric bike instead, a shorter period of use is also possible. This allows you to test whether an e-bike fits into your everyday life without committing yourself to a long contract period.

En

Should you buy used e-bikes?

If you want to buy a used e-bike, it is worth visiting the dealer. There, models are often refurbished and offered at low prices after the leasing contract – usually high-quality bikes are available. In addition, thanks to professional preparation and dealer warranty, you can be sure that the e-bike is in good condition and that you are legally purchasing it. Merchants also offer various payment options and installment purchase as an option.

In addition, you can withdraw from the purchase within the first 14 days without giving reasons. Simply return the bike and complain about the defects if necessary.

Of course, you can also purchase e-bikes through private sales, but you have no warranty. If you discover a defect after the purchase or if the e-bike has been stolen, you have no security.

Our advice: If you want to buy a used e-bike, go to your trusted dealer.

Can you retrofit a bicycle and convert it into an e-bike?

In general, you have the option of converting a bicycle into an e-bikeHowever, the bike must meet the right requirements for this. This is because the conversion puts additional weight on the bike and also exerts stronger forces on it.

You can find out how retrofitting works and when a conversion can be worthwhile despite the costs in our guide.

How is the e-bike charged correctly?

You have various options for charging your e-bike. For example, conveniently in the apartment via a 230 volt household socket. When charging, however, please use the original charger according to the operating instructions.

Depending on the model, you can charge the battery directly in the e-bike – or you may have to remove it before charging.

Here's how to do it:

  1. Plug the charger into the socket.
  2. Connect the e-bike battery to the charger.
  3. Monitor charging in case errors occur.
  4. Unplug the AC adapter from the power outlet as soon as the battery is fully charged.
  5. Remove the cable from the battery.
  6. Reattach the cover flap to the charging port of the battery correctly (against splashing water).

Important: Remove the battery from the mains as soon as it is full. An e-bike battery should not simply be charged overnight.

And if the e-bike gives an error message, disconnect the power supply immediately and contact the manufacturer.

Are there special e-bike charging stations?

If you are going on a longer tour, you may have to recharge your e-bike on the way. The advantage: There are now special e-bike charging stations in two variants on busy cycle paths, hotels, restaurants, museums and town halls: Either you park the entire e-bike or only charge the removed battery.

Note that some charging stations require you to use your own charger. On others, however, chargers and cables are already available. To be on the safe side, take your original charger with you, because there are different types of plugs on e-bikes.

Did you know that you can use charging station apps to conveniently display the nearest charging points in the area? This way you can plan appropriate e-bike charging stations directly on your way for your bike tour.

Important: You don't necessarily have to charge the battery after every ride. Before a longer tour, however, you should check the battery level.

What do I need to consider when it comes to e-bike batteries?

With an e-bike, you can effortlessly cover long distances, uphill and downhill, provided the battery cooperates.

In common models, modern lithium-ion batteries are installed, which are designed for 500 to 1,000 charging cycles. This allows you to reach up to 100,000 kilometers before you need a replacement battery for the desired performance.


E-bike

Careful handling is worthwhile, because a battery costs about 300 to 700 euros. Correct storage of the battery and careful use of the electric drive are therefore recommended.

We have tips for you on how to increase the life of your e-bike battery.

What is the range of an e-bike?

The range is decisive for how many kilometers you can drive on one battery charge. The following applies: The larger the capacity of the battery, the higher the range. The performance of a battery is measured in watt-hours (Wh). Currently, e-bike batteries have a capacity of 400 to 750 Wh, which allows you to cover around 80 to 130 kilometres. Depending onthe model of the electric bike and the riding mode, the range may vary.

Alternatives: What other e-two-wheelers are there?

E-bikes are not your thing? You may be more interested in other e-two-wheelers, for example:

  • E-scootersThese models, which can reach speeds of up to 20 km/h, are best used on the cycle path to reduce the risk of accidents.
  • Electric scooter: This allows you to travel at speeds of up to 45 km/h and requires a valid driver's license – as with a classic scooter.
  • E-motorcycles reach speeds of up to 250 km/h and can therefore easily keep up with comparable combustion models.

No matter which variant you choose, you are always environmentally friendly on the road.

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